Investigating cross-contamination of aquifers

Contamination and restoration of groundwater aquifers.

Humans are exposed to chemicals in contaminated groundwaters that are used as sources of drinking water. Chemicals contaminate groundwater resources as a result of waste disposal methods for toxic chemicals, overuse of agricultural chemicals, and leakage of chemicals into the subsurface from buried tanks used to hold fluid chemicals and fuels. In the process, both the solid portions of the subs...

Cross-Platform Malware Contamination

Vulnerability of intensively-exploited hard-rock aquifers to fluoride contamination in India: impact of global change

A geochemical study was conducted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of fluoride concentration increase in groundwater from a crystalline (hard-rock) aquifer in a small Indian agricultural watershed, where groundwater is intensively abstracted for paddy irrigation. A reactive1-D geochemical model using PHREEQC was used to reproduce fluoride concentrations under rice paddies taking into acc...

Contamination and Cross Contamination on Hospital Surfaces and Medical Equipment

T he role of medical devices, such as bronchoscopes, in the transmission of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) has long been recognized, however, the evidence that environmental and medical equipment surfaces play a role in the transmission of HAIs has been weak. Studies have demonstrated that pathogens can be transmitted from surfaces to personnel and patients, and that these pathogens ar...

Multi-criteria decision analysis for the optimal management of nitrate contamination of aquifers.

We present an integrated methodology for the optimal management of nitrate contamination of ground water combining environmental assessment and economic cost evaluation through multi-criteria decision analysis. The proposed methodology incorporates an integrated physical modeling framework accounting for on-ground nitrogen loading and losses, soil nitrogen dynamics, and fate and transport of ni...